Bayan shekaru masu yawa na yin injuna, tabbas ba ku san ma'anar alamar dunƙule ba, daidai ne?
The yi sa na kusoshi ga karfe tsarin dangane ya kasu kashi fiye da 10 maki, ciki har da 3.6,4.6,4.8,5.6,6.8,8.8.8,9.8,10.9,12.9.The kusoshi na aji 8.8 da kuma sama an yi su ne da low carbon gami karfe ko matsakaici carbon karfe da zafi magani (quenching, tempering), kullum da ake kira high ƙarfi kusoshi, da sauran kullum ake kira talakawa kusoshi.Alamar aikin bolt ta ƙunshi sassa biyu na lambobi, bi da bi suna wakiltar ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi na ƙima da ƙarfin juzu'i na kayan abin rufewa.misali:
Bolts na aji 4.6, wanda ke nufin:
Ƙarfin ƙarancin ƙima na kayan ƙwanƙwasa ya kai matakin 400MPa;
Matsakaicin ƙarfin juzu'i na kayan ƙwanƙwasa shine 0.6;
Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na abin rufewa ya kai matakin 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa.
Ayyukan aiki 10.9 high ƙarfi bolts, wanda kayan bayan zafi magani, iya isa:
Ƙarfin ƙarancin ƙima na kayan ƙwanƙwasa ya kai matakin 1000MPa;
Matsakaicin ƙarfin juzu'i na kayan ƙwanƙwasa shine 0.9;
Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na abin rufewa ya kai matakin 1000 × 0.9=900MPa.
Ma'anar ma'anar aikin bolt shine ma'auni na kasa da kasa, nau'in aiki iri ɗaya na bolt, ba tare da la'akari da bambancin kayansa da asalinsa ba, aikinsa iri ɗaya ne, ƙira na iya zaɓar matakin wasan kwaikwayo kawai.
Makiyoyi masu ƙarfi 8.8 da 10.9 sune ƙimar damuwa mai ƙarfi na 8.8GPa da 10.9GPa
8.8 Ƙarfin juzu'i na ƙima 800 N/MM2 Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa 640 N/MM2
Ana amfani da kusoshi gabaɗaya tare da "X. Y" yana nuna ƙarfi, X * 100 = ƙarfin ƙarfin wannan kusoshi, X * 100 * (Y / 10) = ƙarfin ƙarfin wannan aron (kamar yadda aka lakafta: ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi / ƙarfin ƙarfi = Y) / 10)
Don aji 4.8, ƙarfin juzu'i na ƙulla shine 400MPa;Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 400 * 8 / 10 = 320MPa.
Hakanan: Bakin karfe yawanci ana yiwa lakabi da A4-70, bayyanar A2-70, ana bayanin ma'anar in ba haka ba.
auna
Tsawon tsayi a duniya yana da nau'i biyu na ma'auni, ɗaya shine tsarin awo, na'urar auna mita (m), cm (m) (cm), mm (mm), da dai sauransu, a cikin jihar, Sin da Japan da kuma sauran kudu maso gabashin Asiya ana amfani da su fiye da haka, ɗayan kuma shine Birtaniyya, naúrar ma'auni galibi don inci (inch), daidai da tsohon matsayin birni, a Amurka, Amurka da sauran ƙasashen Turai da Amurka sun fi amfani da su.
Ma'auni: (10 mex) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Ma'aunin Biritaniya: (8 r) 1 inch = 8 mil 1 inch = 25.4 mm 3 / 8?? × 25.4 = 9.52
1/4??Ana ƙididdige waɗannan samfuran don nuna sunayensu, kamar: 4 #, 5 #, 6 #, 7 #, 8 #, 10 #, 12 #
dunƙule zaren
Zare wani siffa ne mai kamanceceniya iri ɗaya a kan wani yanki na waje ko na ciki na ƙaƙƙarfan.Dangane da sifofin tsarinsa da amfaninsa, ana iya raba shi zuwa rukuni uku:
Zaren al'ada: siffar haƙori istriangleShape, ana amfani dashi don haɗawa ko ɗaure sassan.Zare na yau da kullun ya kasu kashi biyu na manyan hakora da lallausan zaren haƙora daidai gwargwado, kuma ƙarfin haɗin zaren hakori ya fi girma.
Zaren watsawa: siffar hakori yana da trapezoidal, rectangular, saw da triangle, da dai sauransu.
Rufe zaren: ana amfani da shi don haɗa haɗin gwiwa, galibi zaren bututu, zaren mazugi da zaren mazugi.
Rarraba ta siffa
Zare da daraja
Fitar da zaren shine girman sako-sako ko matsewa tsakanin zaren dunƙulewa, kuma matakin dacewa shine haɗe-haɗe da juriya akan zaren ciki da waje.
1. Ga zaren da aka haɗa a Burtaniya, akwai maki uku na zaren waje: 1A, 2A da 3A, kuma akwai maki uku: 1B, 2B da 3B, waɗanda duk sun yi daidai da gap.Mafi girman lambar matakin, ƙaddamar da daidaitawa.A cikin zaren Birtaniyya, karkatattun maki sun ƙayyade maki 1A da 2A kawai, maki 3A sifili ne, kuma maki 1A da 2A daidai suke.Mafi girman adadin maki, ƙaramin haƙuri.
Class 1A da 1B, mai sassaucin ra'ayi maras kyau, wanda ya dace da dacewa da juriyar zaren ciki da waje.
Class 2A da 2B sune mafi yawan nau'o'in jurewar zaren da aka kayyade don jerin na'urorin injina na Biritaniya.
Ajin 3A da 3B, waɗanda ke samar da madaidaicin madaidaicin juriya don ƙira mai mahimmancin aminci.
Don zaren waje, 1A da 2A suna da juriyar mating kuma 3A ba sa.Don zaren ciki, haƙurin 2B shine 30% girma fiye da haƙurin 2A.Class 1B ya fi 50% girma fiye da Class 2B da 75% girma fiye da Class 3B.
2. Zaren awo, zaren waje yana da matakan zaren guda uku: 4h, 6h da 6g, zaren ciki yana da matakan zaren guda uku: 5H, 6 H, 7H. a halin da ake ciki na matakin II) a cikin zaren ma'auni, ainihin ɓacin rai na H da h ba kome ba ne.Asalin karkatawar G shine tabbatacce, kuma na e, f, da g mara kyau ne.
H shine matsayi na bandeji na haƙuri da aka saba amfani da shi na zaren ciki, wanda gabaɗaya ba a yi amfani da shi azaman rufin saman, ko tare da Layer phosphating na bakin ciki sosai.G matsayi na asali ana amfani da shi don lokatai na musamman, kamar rufi mai kauri, galibi da wuya a yi amfani da su.
Ana amfani da murfin bakin ciki na g don yin plating 6-9um.Kamar zanen samfurin yana buƙatar ƙulli na 6h, zaren dunƙule yana ɗaukar bandejin haƙuri na 6g kafin sutura.
Fitar zaren ya fi dacewa a haɗa shi zuwa H / g, H / h ko G / h.Don zaren naɗaɗɗen kayan ɗamara kamar kusoshi da goro, ana ba da shawarar dacewa da 6H/6g.
3. Alamun zare
Babban sigogi na geometric na harin kai da zaren haƙowa kai
1. Babban diamita / diamita na hakori na waje (d1): diamita na silinda mai ƙima don rufin zaren.Babban diamita na zaren asali yana wakiltar ƙananan diamita na girman zaren.
2. Trail / diamita na kasa (d2): diamita na silinda mai hasashe tare da rufaffiyar tushe mai zaren.
3. Dental nisa (p): nisan axial na hakora masu kusa da ke daidai da maki biyu akan layin meridian.A cikin adadin hakora a cikin kowane inch (25.4mm).
Matsakaicin gama gari (metric) (Turanci)
(1) Metric hakora kai hari:
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai: ST 1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, da ST3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4.8, S T5.5, ST6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Nisan hakora: 0.5,0.6,0.8,0.9,1.1,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.4,1.6,1.8,1.8,2.1,2.1
(2) Tsarin haƙoran kai hari na Birtaniyya:
Musammantawa: 4 #, 5 #, 6 #, 7 #, 8 #, 10 #, 12 #, 14 #
Yawan hakora: AB hakora 24,20,20,19,18,16,14,14
A hakora 24,20,18,16,15,12,11,10
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-19-2022